The History and Significance of Onam: A Deep Dive into Kerala’s Grand Festival

Onam is one of the most grand and widely celebrated festivals, and it holds a special place in the hearts of many. The significance of Onam is deeply tied to its cultural and historical roots, making it much more than just a festive occasion. This annual festival, rich in tradition, culture, and history, spans over ten days of joyful activities and is deeply connected to the harvest season. It’s a time when families come together to celebrate prosperity, good fortune, and the mythological return of a beloved king. Whether through food, dance, or traditional attire, Onam is a festival that weaves the past and present, making it significant in today’s world.

Onam: What It Is and Where It’s Celebrated

Onam is primarily a harvest festival celebrated with great fervour in Kerala. The festival marks the return of King Mahabali, and its timing is closely linked to Kerala’s agricultural cycle. It signifies the end of the monsoon and the arrival of the harvest season, making it a time of joy and prosperity.

Although the festival has its roots in Kerala, it has spread far beyond the state’s borders. Malayali communities in different parts of the world, especially in countries like the UAE, UK, and the United States, also celebrate Onam with equal passion. For those living outside of Kerala, Onam is a reminder of their cultural heritage, with celebrations including all the traditional elements such as feasts, Pookalam (floral decorations), and performances.

In Kerala, Onam celebrations are widespread and take place in homes, temples, and public spaces. The entire region is decorated with lights and flowers, and many villages and towns host cultural events that showcase Kerala’s unique art forms, dances, and rituals. Onam’s wide reach across the globe is a reflection of its significance in maintaining cultural ties no matter where people live.

This blog will explore the history of Onam, its cultural importance, key celebrations, and the traditional Onam jewellery sets and attire that make the festival even more special.

The History of Onam: The Legend of King Mahabali

Mahabali, a revered figure in Hindu mythology, was the grandson of Prahlada and the son of Hiranyakashipu. Known for his wisdom and generosity, Mahabali ruled over a prosperous kingdom where his people lived in peace and equality. His reign was often referred to as the golden age due to the widespread prosperity and fairness he brought to his kingdom.

To strengthen his rule, Mahabali began performing Ashwamedha Yagnas, powerful rituals that solidified a king’s authority. According to the Vedic tradition, the completion of 100 such yagnas would grant the performer enough power to challenge Lord Indra, the king of the gods. 

Mahabali had successfully performed 99 yagnas and was on the verge of performing his final, 100th yagna. This achievement would have enabled him to ascend to a status equal to or surpassing Lord Indra. Fearing Mahabali’s rising influence and the potential challenge to his throne, Lord Indra, along with other gods, sought help from Lord Vishnu. 

Vishnu, knowing the need to maintain cosmic balance, agreed to intervene. However, instead of confronting Mahabali directly, Vishnu chose a more subtle approach. He descended to earth in the form of Vamana, a dwarf Brahmin, and appeared at Mahabali’s yagna. When the king generously asked Vamana what he desired, the Brahmin requested a seemingly small amount – just enough land that his three steps could cover.

Mahabali, known for his generosity, immediately agreed. What happened next was extraordinary. Vamana grew to an immense size, with his first step covering the entire earth and his second covering the heavens. With nowhere left for the third step, Mahabali humbly offered his own head.

Moved by the king’s humility and devotion, Vishnu blessed Mahabali, allowing him to return to his kingdom once a year, a return that is celebrated annually during the festival of Onam.

Then Why Was Mahabali Considered A “Bad Guy” If He Was A Benevolent And Righteous King?

1. Mahabali’s Power Becomes a Concern for the Gods: Despite his righteousness, Mahabali’s rise in power made him a figure of concern for the gods, particularly Indra. Mahabali’s actions, although not malevolent, placed him in a position where he could potentially challenge the cosmic balance. His increasing power through the Ashwamedha Yagnas was seen as a threat to Indra’s rule, as performing 100 yagnas would give him the power to replace Indra as the king of the gods.

2. The Real Concern: Mahabali’s Asura Lineage: Mahabali wasn’t considered a “bad guy” in the traditional sense. The reasons behind the intervention of the gods lie not in his personal flaws but in the balance of power between the Asuras (demons) and Devas (gods). Although he was a just and benevolent ruler, his Asura lineage and growing influence unsettled the Devas. They viewed his potential to overthrow Indra as a disruption of the established cosmic order, where the Devas traditionally held power over the heavens.

3. Lord Vishnu’s Role: A Test of Humility, Not Punishment: Lord Vishnu’s intervention was not meant to punish Mahabali for any wrongdoing. In fact, Vishnu’s approach was peaceful and aimed at maintaining balance in the universe. Mahabali’s goodness was never questioned; instead, the gods’ concern stemmed from the consequences of his growing power. By taking on the form of Vamana and asking for the symbolic three steps of land, Vishnu tested Mahabali’s humility, which the king passed by surrendering himself.

4. Mahabali’s Legacy: A Righteous King Remembered: Therefore, Mahabali wasn’t considered a “bad guy.” He was a righteous king whose ambitions unintentionally threatened the cosmic balance. His willingness to sacrifice everything in the face of Vishnu’s request solidified his legacy as a humble and generous ruler, and his annual return is celebrated with reverence during Onam.

The Significance of Onam

The significance of Onam stems from both its mythological and agrarian origins. While the legend of King Mahabali provides a spiritual foundation, the festival is also a time of harvest, marking a season of abundance. For centuries, it has been a festival of gratitude – thanking nature for its bounty and farmers for their hard work. Beyond the agrarian importance, Onam holds social and cultural significance.

Why is Onam Important? The Cultural and Social Significance

• Onam is important for several reasons, both culturally and socially. 
• Culturally, it is a time when Kerala’s traditions are preserved and celebrated.
  • The festival showcases the region’s rich heritage, from its food to its art and dance forms. 
  • The kolams with intricate floral arrangements, known as Pookalams, laid in front of homes reflect the artistic flair essential to Kerala’s identity. 
  • Traditional performances like Kathakali and Pulikali bring communities together, showcasing the depth and diversity of the state’s art forms.
• Socially, Onam is a festival of inclusivity.
  • The grand feast, Onasadya, is a time when everyone is invited to the table, regardless of social status or background.
  • It’s a festival where barriers are broken down, and people come together as one. 
  • The values of unity, equality, and generosity are central to the spirit of Onam.
• The emphasis on community celebrations, cultural preservation, and inclusivity makes Onam an event that holds great importance, not just in Kerala, but for Malayalis worldwide. 
• The significance of Onam lies in its ability to bring people together to celebrate shared traditions and values.

When is Onam Celebrated in 2024?

In 2024, Onam will be celebrated from Friday, 6 September 2024, to Sunday, 15 September 2024, with the most significant day, Thiruvonam, falling on Sunday, 15 September 2024. 

• Thiruvonam is the tenth and final day of the Onam celebrations, marking the peak of the festival.
• The festival follows the Malayalam calendar, and Onam typically falls in the first month of the year, Chingam. 
• The timing of Onam is tied to the agricultural cycle, coinciding with the harvest season.
• Each day of the festival holds its own significance throughout the ten days, with the build-up to Thiruvonam marked by various rituals, performances, and cultural events. 

How is Onam Celebrated? The Ten Days of Onam

Onam is celebrated over ten days, each day holding its significance and rituals. The festival starts with Atham and culminates in the grand celebration of Thiruvonam, the most important day. The ten days of Onam build anticipation and excitement, each filled with different customs, traditional activities, and community events.

1. Atham: The first day of Onam sets the stage for the festivities. People begin creating the Pookalam, a colourful floral arrangement in front of homes, which grows in size and complexity as the days progress.

2. Chithira: On the second day, more flowers are added to the Pookalam. Families also start cleaning and decorating their homes in preparation for the upcoming celebrations.

3. Chodhi: The third day is when people begin shopping for new clothes and Onam jewellery sets. The focus is on getting ready for the festival, with many purchasing traditional attire and gifts for family members.

4. Vishakam: On this day, preparations for the grand feast, Onasadya, begin in earnest. Markets are bustling with people buying ingredients for the many dishes that will be served on Thiruvonam.

5. Anizham: This day is known for the thrilling Vallamkali (boat races). Snake boats race through the backwaters, cheered on by large crowds. It’s one of the most exciting events of the Onam festival.

6. Thriketa: Families begin gathering on this day, with homes filled with relatives who have travelled to be part of the celebrations. The Pookalam grows larger as more flowers are added, and the atmosphere is full of excitement.

7. Moolam: By the seventh day, community events like traditional dance performances and feasts begin to take place. Temples also start offering special prayers and rituals in honour of Onam.

8. Pooradam: On this day, the clay idols of Onathappan, representing King Mahabali, are placed in the centre of the Pookalam. This day also marks the start of large-scale celebrations and preparations for Thiruvonam.

9. Uthradam: This is the day when King Mahabali is believed to arrive in Kerala. It’s considered one of the most auspicious days of the festival, and final preparations for Thiruvonam are made, including the final touches to the Pookalam.

10. Thiruvonam: The grand day of Onam. Families gather to enjoy the Onasadya, a traditional feast with a variety of dishes served on banana leaves. It’s a day filled with joy, togetherness, and cultural performances. The Pookalam is completed, and people participate in traditional games and dances, making Thiruvonam the highlight of the festival.

Each of these ten days has its own unique customs and significance, but together they form a festival that is rich in tradition, culture, and joy. The build-up to Thiruvonam brings communities closer, and the festival acts as a bridge between the past and present, preserving Kerala’s rich heritage.

Get Ready for Onam: Elevate Your Festive Look with Traditional Attire and Jewellery

One of the most important aspects of Onam is how people prepare for the festival by dressing up in traditional attire. Across Kerala and other states where Onam is celebrated, people eagerly await the chance to wear their festive outfits, embodying the festival’s spirit. Onam isn’t just about the food and festivities – getting ready in traditional clothing and jewellery is an essential part of the celebration, and both men and women participate in this custom with equal enthusiasm.

For women, the Kasavu mundu or saree is the preferred traditional attire. This cream-coloured saree with a golden border is simple yet elegant, representing Kerala’s cultural heritage. Men, on the other hand, embrace the Mundu, a white cloth with a golden border, as their go-to festive wear. They typically pair the Mundu with a simple shirt or Kurta, completing their traditional look. These attires are comfortable, simple, and reflects the cultural roots of Kerala. 

Onam Jewellery Sets to Pair with Your Festive Attire

Here are some stunning jewellery pieces that will elevate your Onam look and add a touch of elegance to your festive attire.

1. Kerala Traditional Gold Necklace Pattern

The intricate craftsmanship of traditional Kerala gold necklaces, like this one, is synonymous with the festive spirit of Onam. The design, often featuring a combination of small and large gold beads, is simple yet grand, making it a perfect choice for Onam celebrations. Its clean design and gold detailing make it suitable for festive occasions without being overly heavy.

Styling Tips for Onam: This gold necklace pattern pairs beautifully with the traditional Kasavu saree. Keep your overall jewellery light with matching earrings and bangles to let the necklace shine. A side braid adorned with jasmine flowers will complement this look perfectly, blending traditional elegance with festive charm.

2. Antique Ruby and Emerald Earrings Pattern

Earrings that feature rubies and emeralds in an antique design are a staple during Kerala festivals like Onam. The combination of these stones, set in yellow gold, brings a regal look to the overall attire, with vibrant colours that match the festive feel of the occasion. This pattern, often seen in traditional Kerala jewellery, adds a rich cultural flair while being elegant enough for casual and grand occasions.

Styling Tips for Onam: These earrings work exceptionally well with sarees that have red or green borders, accentuating the colours of the jewellery. For an authentic Kerala Onam look, style your hair in a bun and adorn it with flowers to let the earrings be the highlight. You can skip heavy necklaces when wearing these earrings to keep the focus on your face.

3. Gold Bangles with Diamond Detailing Pattern

This gold bangle with delicate diamond detailing is the perfect single-statement piece for Onam. The intricate work adds just the right amount of sparkle while maintaining a traditional feel. This type of bangle pattern is elegant yet not overwhelming, allowing it to complement any festive outfit without overshadowing it.

Styling Tips for Onam: Opt for this bangle as a single statement piece. Pair it with minimal or no other jewellery on the wrist to let the diamonds stand out. Wear it with a traditional saree for a polished, elegant Onam look.

4. Navarathna Ring Pattern

The Navarathna ring, featuring nine precious gemstones, is a highly auspicious piece of jewellery traditionally worn in Kerala. The pattern is not only beautiful but also holds deep spiritual significance, as each gemstone represents a celestial body. Wearing a Navarathna ring during Onam is believed to bring good luck, wealth, and prosperity – values that are central to the festival itself.

Styling Tips for Onam: The ring’s multi-coloured gemstones make it a versatile piece that can be paired with any attire, whether you’re wearing a traditional Mundu set or a Kasavu saree. Since the ring itself is a statement piece, keep the rest of your jewellery simple. Opt for gold bangles and small studs to maintain a balanced look.

5. Classic Chain for Men

A simple yet elegant gold chain is a timeless accessory for men during Onam. This type of pattern, often worn by men in Kerala, adds a touch of tradition and sophistication to the overall look. The design is subtle enough for everyday wear but has the quality and craftsmanship that make it suitable for festive occasions like Onam.

Styling Tips for Onam: This gold chain pattern pairs seamlessly with the traditional Mundu and shirt or kurta, providing a refined, polished look. You can wear it solo or layer it with another thin gold chain for added impact. For a complete festive look, add a gold bracelet or ring to complement the chain.

6. Diamond Ring with Yellow Gold for Men

For men who prefer a bit of sparkle during festive occasions, a diamond ring set in yellow gold is a sophisticated choice. This pattern, which features small diamonds arranged in a square setting, offers a bold yet refined look that’s perfect for Onam. The combination of gold and diamonds represents prosperity and is an excellent way to add a touch of luxury to a traditional look.

Styling Tips for Onam: Pair this diamond ring with a simple, traditional outfit like a Mundu and kurta for a balanced look. You can also wear it with other minimalist gold jewellery, such as a chain or bracelet, to keep the overall style cohesive. This ring is a statement in itself, so avoid wearing additional heavy jewellery to let the ring stand out.

7. Two-Tone Platinum Bracelet Pattern for Men

For those looking for something more contemporary, the two-tone platinum bracelet offers a modern twist to traditional jewellery patterns. This bracelet combines the elegance of platinum with the warmth of gold accents, making it a unique choice for Onam. It’s an ideal piece for men who want to blend tradition with modern flair.

Styling Tips for Onam: This bracelet works well with both traditional and modern attire. Pair it with a Mundu and shirt for a sleek, understated look. The two-tone design allows you to wear this piece alongside gold accessories without any clashing. Keep the rest of your jewellery minimal to let the bracelet be the focal point of your accessories.

VBJ: Celebrate Onam with Authentic Kerala Jewellery Patterns

At Vummidi Bangaru Jewellers, we bring you the finest Kerala jewellery patterns, perfect for the festive spirit of Onam. Our collection features classic designs like the Manga Mala, Palakka Mala, Kasu Mala, and Nagapada Thali that have been cherished for generations. Each piece reflects Kerala’s rich cultural heritage, blending timeless craftsmanship with modern touches. Whether it’s the elegant Jhimki earrings or the intricate Mulla Mottu Mala, our jewellery is designed to enhance your traditional Onam attire with grace and authenticity.

Summing Up

Onam is much more than just a festival – it’s a time to celebrate history, culture, and community. Whether through its mythological roots, its connection to the harvest season, or its emphasis on unity, Onam continues to be a significant part of the cultural fabric. From the grand feasts to the traditional attire and jewellery, every element of Onam reflects Kerala’s deep-rooted traditions, passed down through generations. As the festival grows in global recognition, its values of unity, generosity, and prosperity continue to resonate, making it a celebration that transcends time and place.

Onam Ashamsakal! Ellavarkkum sukham, santhosamai, samriddhi yude Onam aavatte!

FAQs Related To Significance of Onam

1. What is the significance of Onam?

Onam celebrates the return of King Mahabali and marks the harvest season. It is a time for families to come together and celebrate unity, prosperity, and tradition.

2. How long is Onam celebrated?

Onam is celebrated over ten days, with each day having its own customs and significance, culminating in Thiruvonam, the most important day.

3. What is the traditional attire for Onam?

Women traditionally wear the Kasavu saree, while men wear the Mundu. These garments reflect Kerala’s cultural heritage.

4. When is Onam celebrated in 2024?

In 2024, Onam will be celebrated from Friday, 6 September 2024, to Sunday, 15 September 2024, with Thiruvonam on 15 September.

5. What are some key activities during Onam?

Key activities include the creation of Pookalam (floral arrangements), Onasadya (the grand feast), Vallamkali (boat races), and various traditional performances like Pulikali and Kaikottikali